Wear costs
Worldwide, about 23 % of energy consumption is attributed to friction and wear. In Germany, friction and wear are estimated to cost about 1.2 to 1.7 % of GDP.

Materials

• Chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃): hard, wear- and corrosion-resistant, chemically stable
• Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃): very hard, abrasion-resistant, electrically insulating
• WC-Co: tungsten carbide in a cobalt matrix, very hard and abrasion-resistant, usable up to about 500 °C
• WC-CoCr: like WC-Co, with chromium in the binder phase for better oxidation and corrosion resistance
• Cr₃C₂-NiCr: chromium carbide in a nickel-chromium matrix, wear-resistant at high temperatures, good against sliding wear, erosion and corrosion
• Oxide-carbide ceramics: oxide matrix with embedded carbides for higher wear resistance; carbides are sensitive to decomposition during spraying

Applications
Paper and textile machinery, pumps and valves, hydraulics, and energy and process engineering, wherever wear, sliding contact or corrosion dominate.

Advantages of coatings
Wear protection of the functional surface with a tough, cost-effective base material, longer service life, and refurbishment of worn parts instead of new production.